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Fear and intelligence.  If it is true, as is now most definitely asserted, that the cause of black skin pigmentation is not to be sought in the action of light, could it perhaps not be the ultimate effect of frequent attacks of rage (and undercurrents of blood beneath the skin) accumulated over thousands of years? While with the other, more intelligent races an equally frequent terror and growing pallid has finally resulted in white skin?  For degree of timidity is a measure of intelligence, and frequently to give way to blind rage a sign that animality is still quite close and would like to take over again.  Thus the original colour of man would probably have been a brownish grey  somewhat like the ape and the bear, as seems proper.